- Aids in Weight Loss
- RESTORES JOINT HEALTH
- ACCELERATES MUSCLE GROWTH
- Combats Inflammation
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Aids in Weight Loss
RESTORES JOINT HEALTH
ACCELERATES MUSCLE GROWTH
Combats Inflammation
Omega Ratings & Reviews
Absolutely great
Try anything that Jeff puts out. He has me convinced he is a absolutely truthful guy.. this product is noticeable with first use.. my only complaint is WHY THER ARE NOT IN CAPSULE FORM… we all know this is best for absorption.. thank u Jeff
Totally awesome and necessary
I can’t live without my AX supplements
I was sceptical that these would work…
I’m late 50’s and every time I get back into weights it’s pain. I tried these and I must admit my recovery was truly better. I used two per workout rather than 4, (I was nervous about taking amino supplements).
They are honking big pills so my only criticism would be to shrink them if possible.
Worth the extra price
It honestly provided me with the extra bit of energy and recovery the pre workout and post workout protein already provided. It perfectly rounds out to be a perfect stack.
Horse pills
I bought these with a set of supplements. The pills were huge and should have been put in a capsule size as well. You have to take EIGHT pills each day. Both my husband and I were using these, so a bottle would not last us any time at all. We both prefer using the other ATHLEAN-RX supplements.
Want to stay active in your 50s? Here's how!
I’ve been training my whole life. As I started approaching my 30s I started dealing with the random aches and pains associated with the aging process. I just pushed through it and soldiered on. Now that I’m in my 50’s the aches are starting to win. I started taking Jeff’s fish oil about a year ago and noticed improvement in my overall inflammation. Was less achy just waking up. Stuff like that. Bought the BCAA’s hoping it would help with workout soreness and energy loss and sure enough, it does! Look, these aren’t super pills. You’re not going to take them and all of a sudden starting adding weight to the bar. What they will do is make sure you’re micro nutrients needs are being met and if so, your body can do what it needs to in terms of recovering. It’s not a cure all, it’s just another solider on the front lines in the war of recovery. Been reading good things about the RX3 and DOMS so I might upgrade to the recovery stack. Stay tuned!
Smaller Pills would get a 5 star
I have a very sensitive gag reflex so the size of the pills is a challenge. I can do it, and have actually gotten better at it, but they are rather large. Taste is a N/A since they’re just pills they don’t really have a taste, also no after taste that I’ve noticed. So.. onto the important question. Do they work? Surprisingly, I think they do! I’m not a research scientist so I don’t have data per se but I have done several workouts that generally leave more sore for days and when I take these… nothing. I also noticed when I’m fasting that I tend to hold onto more muscle and don’t look as depleted which is huge since I’m only 150lbs!
Pleasantly Surprised
After taking these for 3 months, I can feel a difference. My strength seems to come back quicker after having worked out vs being super sore for the following week. I’ve been busting my butt to get in/stay in shape and felt like I was killing myself with working out and cutting calories. I’ve decided to bite the bullett and purchase supplements. My husband used to coach football and suggested I try BCAA’s. So, I bought 4 bottles of these, 3 pills a day does catch up real quick and all of the sudden you’re needing more. I can’t say taking these has helped me lose weight, but they do help the process of my muscle recovery making it easier for me to keep going which has it’s benefits.
Muscle Gains, Size and Definition
Been taking this now for 3 weeks straight, only before workout and I already noticed a good muscle mass gain and definition. I didn’t feel the result after a week of taking it and that’s when I noticed that I get more energy then before when Im working out and specially on leg days. I highly recommend this product. So far so good and I will definitely buy another one when im done with my first order.
Great BCAA Formula
This BCAA ratio is spot on for optimal results. I took three tablets pre and post-workout on workout days and then in the morning on my non-workout days just to keep BCAA levels circulating in my system. Within a few days I noticed my recovery time improving with muscle soreness diminishing sooner than usual. My diet was already pretty rich in sources of BCAA’s so someone lacking in daily BCAA intake would definitely benefit. I also found the pills to be very convenient over powder and would be happy to recommend this to my clients.
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Omega Product Overview
- Doctor C's
- AALPHA
- MECHAN-X
The Power
Labeled the "Gatekeeper To Your Metabolism", highly purified Omega-3's have been shown to control whether your body stores fat or burns it... builds new muscle or breaks down what you have. Stop letting joint pain and inflammation ruin your workouts!
Pharmaceutical grade Omega-3's get right to the source of the pain by lubricating achy joints and preventing inflammation before it starts so you can feel what it's like to train without pain again!
If you’re not eating fish at least 4 times a week you’re not getting enough of the Essential Omega-3 fatty acids you need and it could be costing you any chance of maximizing your lean muscle building and fat loss efforts.
Appearing in highest concentration in brain cells... Omega-3's are deeply rooted in the functions of memory, mental alertness and reaction time. Multitask and organize with ease with a level of laser focus you most likely haven't experienced in awhile.
Omega-3 fatty acids can protect your body against the accumulation of the protein believed to be linked to Alzheimer's disease, according to studies published in The Journal of Neuroscience. Just another example of why EFA's have been given the reputation as an ingestible Fountain of Youth.
As the ONLY supplement endorsed by the American Heart Association... Omega-3's have been PROVEN to increase "good" cholesterol and decrease LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and heart disease risk! (Arm yourself with your daily combatant against the #1 killer in America)
The Science
When you workout you cause a mechanical breakdown of muscle tissue and muscle fiber micro-damage/inflammation. While this is a desired and necessary stimulus from which muscle regeneration and growth can occur... left uncontrolled, your body finds it nearly impossible to recover prior to the next workout and you wind up quickly descending into a vicious cycle of inflammatory overtraining. Simple math states that when you break down muscle cells faster than you can repair them... YOU DON'T GET RESULTS!
Omega-3's prevent this from happening by blocking excess inflammation before it starts (through powerful chemicals called prostaglandins) and therefore keeping the muscle repair process between workouts to a minimum. Think of them as your body's natural "firefighters" that race to the scene to put out the "flames" of muscle and connective tissue breakdown just before they get out of control and make growth impossible. But that's not all. Exciting new research is showing that the combination of ultra high grade omega-3's with protein is proving to produce even greater muscle building gains than protein alone, so those already consuming the typical high protein "bodybuilders" diet will see even more immediate changes to their bodies and reward for their hard efforts in the gym with the addition of pharmaceutical grade EFA's!
As fat burners, their potential gets even more intriguing. By keeping virtually every cell in your body operating at peak efficiency, pharmaceutical grade omega-3's can help you to achieve what's known as Peak Metabolic Activity (PMA) and speed up even the slowest metabolism to become a virtual fat burning furnace! Add in their scientifically proven abilities to stabilize key weight management hormones like insulin and leptin (which control your appetite and how your body stores fat) and you've got the ultimate ally in your battle to achieve sub-10% body fat levels year round.
As the key building blocks to not only your muscle and fat cells but EVERY cell in your body, omega-3 fatty acids can impact your overall health and metabolism more significantly than any other supplement you can put in your body. Fail to include them in your supplement regimen (or even worse... turn to inferior sources to get them) and your body will pay the price as you suffer the effects of overtraining at a cellular level.
The Facts
You cannot synthesize essential fatty acids on your own... you absolutely need to find a reliable source to get them from if you're going to optimize your health. They're called ESSENTIAL for very good reason!
The Power
Branch Chained Amino Acids (BCAAs) have been a go–to supplement for athletes and serious trainees for quite some time. Comprised of three of the nine essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine AALPHA features that crucial 2:1:1 ratio that’s been proven to deliver results.
No longer just for bodybuilders, research shows that the three amino acids found in AALPHA are the most important in building lean muscle tissue. They’re a crucial supplement for anyone looking to build muscle while staying lean or even more importantly while trying to get lean.
The Science
BCAA supplementation can promote muscle protein synthesis and increase muscle growth over time, particularly when taken consistently during intense training cycles. It can also be used to prevent fatigue during longer duration activities allowing you to maintain the intensity required to yield results.
Supplementing with AALPHA can prevent a serum decline in BCAAs, which occurs during exercise. A decreased concentration in the blood would normally cause a tryptophan influx into the brain, followed by serotonin production resulting in fatigue. This is where BCAA’s come in, out competing the serotonin uptake into the brain resulting in prolonged endurance.
BCAAs are important to ingest on a daily basis, and while some may argue that diet alone can provide sufficient BCAA, serious athletes rely on the convenience of supplementing with BCAA’s to ensure there’s no deficiency. Athletes following rigorous training schedules while maintaining or striving for a low body fat are highly encouraged to supplement with BCAA’s.
The Facts
Intense training without a serious dedication to recovery leads to over-training, plateaued gains, and an increased susceptibility to illness. BCAAs can set up a roadblock on this physical road to ruin by increasing the lymphocyte responsiveness necessary to support immune function.
Essential amino acids are called essential because our body needs them and we cannot produce them on our own. While BCAA’s can be gotten through proper nutrition, when athletes are training hard while trying to stay lean the amount of essential amino acids they’re taking in can drop well below the amount needed to sustain the lean muscle gains they’re working towards. This is especially true when athletes are dieting down for competition, cutting weight or just trying to get their abs to show. When calories get restricted it’s crucial to stay out of that catabolic state. BCAA’s have been shown to be especially helpful in those situations by helping trainees not only hold on to the muscle mass they have but also assisting in building lean muscle.
The Results
Anyone who knows me knows that I like to stay lean. I started upping my intake of RX3 during a particular busy travel schedule. I noticed that I was starting to see better gains in size during that period. That lead me to look into the specific ingredients. The amount of BCAA’s that I was taking get these results would have yielded an unpalatable taste so I decided to put them into pill form. The best schedule for taking the BCAA’s is 1 serving twice a day before and after training.
The Missing Link in Recovery
Recovery is the number one requirement for gains in natural drug free lifters. Without it, results are compromised. Muscle recovery only addresses one half of the equation. Joint recovery is the most overlooked element of intense training and mistakenly taken for granted. MECHAN-X redefines joint recovery and in doing so, will make you rethink the results you may have thought were achievable!
With the 5 best hand-selected joint recovery ingredients, MECHAN-X was created to normalize joint mechanics and restore pain free range of motion throughout your body.
Helps Your Body In Two Key Ways
1.) If you’re constantly shifting the load away from the muscles you’re trying to build to make it easier to handle the joint discomfort you’re feeling, you’ll never get as big or strong as you’d like. Period. By relieving joint pain, MECHAN-X allows you to put the stress of exercise overload back on the muscles it was intended for! No more letting knee pain hold you back from getting bigger legs. No more allowing shoulder pain to keep you from developing the chest and upper body you deserve from your hard training.
2.) By reducing joint inflammation, MECHAN-X allows you to stop compensating and shifting loads to other joints that are poorly equipped to handle them! Passing the job of the knees onto the low back is the fastest way to injure your lumbar spine! Asking your body to press overhead with poor or altered scapular mechanics is a recipe for chronic shoulder pain! With normalized joint mechanics now in place, you can lift heavier and harder, and recover faster than ever!
Omega Supplement Facts
- Doctor C's
- AALPHA
- MECHAN-X
Omega Ingredients/Dosage
- Doctor C's
- AALPHA
- MECHAN-X
Ingredient
Doctor C's Contains
Omega-3- 3g per daily serving
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 2-3g
CONTAINS
3
GRAMS
g
per daily serving
Omega–3 fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids because humans cannot make them; therefore, they must be obtained through the diet or supplementation. Fish oils are an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids that offer numerous health, as well as a variety of performance-enhancing effects, such as increasing muscle growth, improving strength and physical performance, reducing exercise-induced muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness, combating negative immune effects of intensive training, strengthening bones, improving heart and lung functioning, and enhancing cognitive functioning.
- Increases protein synthesis
- Lowers cortisol and counters mental stress
- Reduces vascular response to stress
- Improves immune response to intense exercise
DOCTOR C'S CONTAINS
3 GRAMS
(per daily serving)
Clinically Effective Dosage: 2 - 3g
Omega-3 Clinical Studies & References
Ingredient
AALPHA Contains
L-LEUCINE- 4g per daily serving
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 2-7g
CONTAINS
4
GRAMS
G
per daily serving
Declining leucine levels signal mTOR that there's a lack of dietary protein present to synthesize new skeletal muscle protein, therefore disabling mTOR. Upon ingesting increased concentrations of leucine, the elevated amino acid then signals mTOR that sufficient dietary protein exists, and switches on overall protein synthesis. An increase in mTOR activity results in an increase in protein-building and more growth!
- Maximizes protein synthesis
- Prevents protein oxidation
AALPHA CONTAINS
4 GRAMS
(per daily serving)
Clinically Effective Dosage: 2 - 7g
L-LEUCINE Clinical Studies & References
L-Valine- 2g per daily serving
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 2-3g
CONTAINS
2
GRAMS
G
per daily serving
L-Isoleucine- 2g per daily serving
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 2-4.9g
CONTAINS
2
GRAMS
G
per daily serving
Taurine- 2g per daily serving
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: .5 - 2g
CONTAINS
2
GRAMS
G
per daily serving
Ingredient
MECHAN-X Contains
Glucosamine Hydrochloride- 800mg
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 300-500mg
CONTAINS
800
MILLIGRAMS
mg
The primary source of nourishment for connective tissue and cartilage. Best dosed in a 5:4 ratio with Chondroitin for maximum absorption and efficacy, as is found in MECHAN-X.
- Faster recovery from injuries
- Pain relief / reduction in pain levels
- Reduction in joint swelling
- Improved physical performance
MECHAN-X CONTAINS
800 MG
Clinically Effective Dosage: 300 - 500mg
Glucosamine Hydrochloride Clinical Studies & References
Chondroitin Sulfate- 640mg
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 4/5 ratio with Glucosamine
CONTAINS
640
MILLIGRAMS
mg
Cissus Quandrangularis- 550mg
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 300-600mg
CONTAINS
550
MILLIGRAMS
mg
Hyaluronic Acid- 80mg
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 50-200mg
CONTAINS
80
MILLIGRAMS
mg
Boswellia Serrata- 50mg
CLINICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSAGE: 50-100mg
CONTAINS
50
MILLIGRAMS
mg
Omega How To Use
- Doctor C's
- AALPHA
- MECHAN-X
For anti-inflammatory benefits take 3 capsules with food everyday. Users who wish to exceed this dosage should consult with their physician.
Take 4 tablets within an hour prior to training. Take an additional 4 tablets within an hour of completing your training (total of 8 tablets).
Take 3 capsules at night before bed.
Omega FAQs
- Doctor C's
- AALPHA
- MECHAN-X
All of our supplements are proudly produced in the US using the highest industry standards.
Supplementing with fish oil can help you build muscle, lose fat, and stay lean. (1) (2) (3)
As I always say, no amount of supplements can give you the body you really want. Proper training and nutrition will get you most of the way there, once that’s locked in you can use supplements to fill in any gaps and give you that extra boost.
(1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501117
(2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26571503
(3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22254005
Dr. C’s Omega-3’s stay good in an unopened bottle for about 2 years.
You usually can’t smell the oil through the gels, but on occasion they can burst while being prepared for bottling, coating batches in a slight film of oil that you can smell.
Ethyl Ester.
It shouldn’t. Our gels are coated, which means they’re covered with a substance that helps ensure they break down in the small intestine and not the stomach (where excess gas can cause burps). If, for whatever reason, you do get any unpleasant ‘fish burps’, keep your bottle in the freezer and take it with food.
Absolutely.
A high-quality multivitamin can plug nutritional holes in your diet and benefit your health in various ways but won’t provide you with EPA or DHA.
You’d have to eat 1 to 2 servings of fatty fish every day to get the required amount of EPA and DHA.
Many fish rich in omega-3s also contain high levels of pollutants and toxins due to high levels of pollution in their environment.
Side effects are rare when fish oil is taken at the recommended doses.
Fish oil can reduce blood clotting and therefore is contraindicated if you’re taking blood-thinning medications, aspirin, warfarin, or clopidogrel.
If you’re using any of these medications, it’s best to check with your doctor before supplementing with fish oil.
In addition, fish oil should not be taken alongside fat-blockers (which probably don’t work anyway).
No. It is made from fish.
No. It is made from fish.
All of our supplements are proudly produced in the US using the highest industry standards.
Yes.
AALPHA has no taste.
The recommended dosage is 4 tablets.
AALPHA does not contain any milk or dairy products. It is however made in a facility that processes milk, egg, peanut and wheat products so consumers with severe allergies to those may wish to consult with a physician before taking.
BCAA work by speeding up your muscle recovery time from a workout. Each time you workout with weights you create micro tears in your muscles which need to heal in order for you to train again. BCAA’s help in that repair process which ultimately leads to better gains in the gym.
It's best to take AALPHA before a workout, up to 15 minutes pre-workout. Alternatively AALPHA can be taken during your workout to help prevent fatigue.
MECHAN-X has no taste.
Yes. Our Glucosamine Chondroitin is derived from crustacean (shellfish).
No. MECHAN-X is cased in a capsule that is made from Gelatin and our Glucosamine Chondroitin is derived from crustacean (shellfish).
No. MECHAN-X is cased in a capsule that is made from Gelatin and our Glucosamine Chondroitin is derived from crustacean (shellfish).
All of our supplements are proudly produced in the US using the highest industry standards.
REFERENCES
Omega3
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Harris WS. Fish oil supplementation: evidence for health benefits. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004 Mar;71(3):208-10, 212, 215-8 passim.
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Watkins BA, et al. Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA attenuated musculoskeletal atrophy associated with disuse. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Washington D.C., April, 2004. Abstract #610.4.
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Walser B, Giordano RM, Stebbins CL. Dietary supplementation with DHA and EPA augments skeletal muscle blood flow during rhythmic contraction. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, #688.8, San Diego, CA, April, 2005.
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Hill AM, Buckley JD, Murphy KJ, Howe PR. Combining fish-oil supplements with regular aerobic exercise improves body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5):1267-74.
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Tartibian B, Maleki BH, Abbasi A. The effects of ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids on perceived pain and external symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness in untrained men. Clin J Sport Med. 2009 Mar;19(2):115-9.
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Schuchardt JP, Schneider I, Meyer H, Neubronner J, von Schacky C, Hahn A. Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different omega-3 fatty acid formulations - a comparative bioavailability study of fish oil vs. krill oil. Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Aug 22;10:145.
REFERENCES
BCAA's (L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine)
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Amino acid mixture improves training efficiency in athletes M Ohtani, M Sugita, K Maruyama - The Journal of nutrition, 2006 - Am Soc Nutrition
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Juhn, M. Popular Sports Supplements and Ergogenic Aids. 2003.
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Manninen, A. Hyperinsulinaemia, hyperaminoacidaemia and post-exercise muscle anabolism: the search for the optimal recovery drink. 2006. Mero, A. Leucine Supplementation and Intensive Training. 1999.
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Schwenk, T. When Food Becomes A Drug: Nonanabolic Nutritional Supplement Use in Athletes. 2003.
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Bassit, R. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and the immune response of long-distance athletes. 2002.
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Blomstrand, E. Branched-chain amino acids activate key enzymes in protein synthesis after physical exercise. 2006.
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Crowe, M. Effects of dietary leucine supplementation on exercise performance. 2006.
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Layman, D. The Role of Leucine in Weight Loss Diets and Glucose Homeostasis. 2003.
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Norton, L. Leucine regulates translation initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after exercise. 2006.
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Meeusen, R. Central FatigueThe Serotonin Hypothesis and Beyond. 2006.
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Shimomura, Y. Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise. 2004.
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12. Amino acid supplements and recovery from high-intensity resistance training
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Taurine
-
Azuma J, Takahisa K, Awata N, Ohta H, Hamaguchi H, Harada H, Takihara K, Hasegawa H, Yamagami R, Ishiyama T, Iwata H, Kishimoto S (1985) Therapeutic effect of taurine in congestive heart failure: a double-blind crossover trial. Clin Cardiol 8: 276–282
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Baba A, Lee E, Tatsuno T, Iwata H (1982) Cysteine sulfinic acid in the central nervous system: antagonistic effect of taurine on cysteine sulfinic acid-stimulated formation of cyclic AMP in guinea pig hippocampal slices. J Neurochem 38: 1280–1285
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Bousquet P, Feldman J, Bloch R, Schwartz J (1981) Tag antagonises the central cardiovascular effects of taurine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 219: 213–218
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Chazov EI, Malchikova LS, Lipiva NV, Asafov GB, Smirnov VN (1974) Taurine and electrical activity of the heart. Circ Res 35: 11–21
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Costill DL, Palsky GP, Fink WJ (1978) Effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and exercise performance. Med Sci Sports 10: 155
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Franconi F, Stendardi MI, Failli P, Antonini G, Bennardini F, Matucci R, Manzini S, Giotti A (1983) Taurine antagonizes the alpha-adrenergic positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine. In:
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Kuriyama K, Huxtable RJ, Iwata H (eds) Sulfur amino acids: Biochemical and clinical aspects: 51–60
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Geiß K-R, Jester I, Askali F, Förster H, Hamm M, Böhmer D (1993) Auswirkungen fruktose- und glukosehaltiger Getränke auf die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit bei 9 Triathleten. Dtsch Sportärztekongreß Paderborn (publication in preparation) Geiß K-R, Nöcker J, Waag K-L, Queeney D (1991) Individual calorie calculation and sportspecific nutrient distribution in 100 high-performance athletes to increase performance. Int J Sports Med 12: 122
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Huxtable RJ, Bressler R (1973) Effect of taurine on a muscle intracellular membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 323: 573–583 Huxtable RJ (1992) Physiological actions of taurine. Physiological Rev 72 1: 128
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IBL (1993) Radioimmunoassays zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Katecholamine Noradrenalin und Adrenalin in Plasma und Urin. dbm bulletin: 1–20
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Inoue A, Takahashi H, Lee L, Iyoda I, Sasaki S, Ijichi H (1985) Centrally induced vasodepressor and sympathetic nerve responses to taurine. Jpn Circ J 49: 1180–1184
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Glucosamine Hydrochloride
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Bohmer D, Ambrus P, Szogy A, and G. Haralambie. A Treatment of chrondropathia patellae in young athletes with glucosamine sulfate. Current Topics in Sports Medicine, Vienna, Austria: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1984:799-803.
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Braham, R. The effect of glucosamine supplementation on people experiencing regular knee pain. Br J Sports Med 2003;37:45-49.
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Bruyee, O. et al. Correlation between radiographic severity on knee osteoarthritis and future disease progression. Results from a 3-year prospective, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of glucosamine sulfate. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003 jan;11(1):1-5.
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Burger, Martin et al. Observations of the influence of chondroitin sulphate on the rate of bone repair. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1962; 44B(3):674-687.
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Burke E. Nutrients that accelerate healing. Strength and Conditioning 1997:19-23.
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Crolle, G et al. Glucosamine sulphate for the management of arthrosis: a controlled clinical investigation. Curr. Med Res. Opin 1980; 7(2):104-109.
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D'Ambrosio E. Glucosamine sulphate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. Pharmatherapeutica 1981; 2(8):504-508.
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Das A Jr, Hammad TA. Efficacy of a combination of FCHG49 glucosamine hydrochloride, TRH122 low molecular weight sodium chondroitin sulfate and manganese ascorbate in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000 Sep;8(5):343-50.
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Delafuente JC. Glucosamine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000;26(1): 1-11.
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Drovanni A. Therapeutic activity of oral glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthrosis: a placebo-controlled double-blind investigation. Clinical Therapy 1980:260-272.
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Gottlieb MS. Conservative management of spinal osteoarthritis with glucosamine sulfate and chiropractic treatment. J Manipulative Ther 1997; 20(6):400-414.
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Kayne SB et al. Is glucosamine an effective treatment for osteoarthritis? A meta-analysis. The Pharmaceutical Journal 2000;265:750-763.
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Kelly GS. The role of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. Altern Med Rev 1998;3(1): 27-39.
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Leffler CT, Philippi AF, Leffler SG, Mosure JC, Kim PD. Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Mil Med. 1999 Feb;164(2):85-91.
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Lippiello L, Woodward J, Karpman R, Hammad TA. In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Clin Orthop. 2000 Dec;(381):229-40.
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McAlindon TE, MP La Valley, JP Gulin and DT Felson. "Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis," JAMA 2000; 283(11):1469-1475.
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McCarty M. Glucosamine for wound healing. Med Hypotheses 1996;47:273-5.
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Moss M. The effect of chondroitin sulfate on bone healing. Georgetown University School of Dentistry 1965; 20(6):795-801.
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Murad H. and Tabibian M. P., The effect of an oral supplement containing glucosamine, amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants on cutaneous aging: a preliminary study. J Dermatolog Treat 2001 Mar;12(1)47-51.
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Pujalte J et al. Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis. Curr. Med. Res. Opin 1980; 7(2):110-114.
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Qiu, G. X., et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998 May;48(5):469-474.
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Reginster J. Effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2001; 357(9252):251-256.
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Reichelt A, Forster K, Fisher M, et al. Efficacy and safety of intramuscular glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arzneimittelforschung 1994;44:75-80.
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Rindone J, Hiller D, Collacott E, et al. Randomized, controlled trials of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis of the knee. West J Med 2000;172:91-4.
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Ronca, L., et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of chondroitin sulfate. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1998; 6 Supp:14-21.
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Setnikar I et al. Antiarthritic effects of glucosamine sulfate studied in animal models, Arzmelm-Forch/Drug Res 1991; 41(5):541-545.
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Uebelhard, D., et al. Effects of oral chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998 May;6 Suppl A:39-46.
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Chondroitin Sulfate
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Braham, R. The effect of glucosamine supplementation on people experiencing regular knee pain. Br J Sports Med 2003;37:45-49.
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Burger, Martin et al. Observations of the influence of chondroitin sulphate on the rate of bone repair. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1962; 44B(3):674-687.
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D'Ambrosio E. Glucosamine sulphate: a controlled clinical investigation in arthrosis. Pharmatherapeutica 1981; 2(8):504-508.
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Delafuente JC. Glucosamine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000;26(1): 1-11.
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Lippiello L, Woodward J, Karpman R, Hammad TA. In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Clin Orthop. 2000 Dec;(381):229-40.
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Lippiello L. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate: biological response modifiers of chondrocytes under simulated conditions of joint stress. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003 May;11(5):335-42.
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McAlindon TE, MP La Valley, JP Gulin and DT Felson. "Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis," JAMA 2000; 283(11):1469-1475.
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McCarty M. Glucosamine for wound healing. Med Hypotheses 1996;47:273-5.
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Moss M. The effect of chondroitin sulfate on bone healing. Georgetown University School of Dentistry 1965; 20(6):795-801.
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Murad H. and Tabibian M. P., The effect of an oral supplement containing glucosamine, amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants on cutaneous aging: a preliminary study. J Dermatolog Treat 2001 Mar;12(1)47-51.
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Pujalte J et al. Double-blind clinical evaluation of oral glucosamine sulphate in the basic treatment of osteoarthrosis. Curr. Med. Res. Opin 1980; 7(2):110-114.
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Qiu, G. X., et al. Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arzneimittelforschung 1998 May;48(5):469-474.
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Reginster J. Effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2001; 357(9252):251-256.
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Rindone J, Hiller D, Collacott E, et al. Randomized, controlled trials of glucosamine for treating osteoarthritis of the knee. West J Med 2000;172:91-4.
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Setnikar I et al. Antiarthritic effects of glucosamine sulfate studied in animal models, Arzmelm-Forch/Drug Res 1991; 41(5):541-545.
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Uebelhard, D., et al. Effects of oral chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1998 May;6 Suppl A:39-46.
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Vajaradul Y. Double-blind clinical evaluation of intra-articular glucosamine in outpatients with gonarthrosis. Clinical Therapy 1981:336-342.
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Vaz AL. Double-blind clinical evaluation of the relative efficacy of ibuprofen and glucosamine sulphate in the management of osteoarthrosis of the knee in out-patients. Curr. Med. Res. Opin 1982; 8(3):145-149.
Cissus Quandrangularis
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Balachandran, B., Sivaswamy, S. N., and Sivaramakrishnan, V. M. Genotoxic effects of some foods & food components in Swiss mice. Indian J Med Res 1991;94:378-383. View abstract.
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Bhujade, A. M., Talmale, S., Kumar, N., Gupta, G., Reddanna, P., Das, S. K., and Patil, M. B. Evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis extracts as an inhibitor of COX, 5-LOX, and proinflammatory mediators. J Ethnopharmacol. 6-14-2012;141(3):989-996. View abstract.
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Bongaard, BS. Botanical Agents for the Treatment of Obesity, Lipid Abnormalities, and Metabolic Syndrome. Alternative Medicine Alert 2007;10(8):85-88.
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Chidambara Murthy, K. N., Vanitha, A., Mahadeva, Swamy M., and Ravishankar, G. A. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Cissus quadrangularis L. J Med Food 2003;6(2):99-105. View abstract.
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Chidambaram, J. and Carani, Venkatraman A. Cissus quadrangularis stem alleviates insulin resistance, oxidative injury and fatty liver disease in rats fed high fat plus fructose diet. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(8-9):2021-2029. View abstract.
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Chopra, S. S., Patel, M. R., and Awadhiya, R. P. Studies of Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair : a histopathological study. Indian J Med Res 1976;64(9):1365-1368. View abstract.
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Chopra, S. S., Patel, M. R., Gupta, L. P., and Datta, I. C. Studies on Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair: effect on chemical parameters in blood. Indian J Med Res 1975;63(6):824-828. View abstract.
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Das PK, Sanyal AK. Studies on Cissus Quadrangularis Linn. I. Acetylcholine Like Action of the Total Extract. Indian J Med Res 1964;52:63-67. View abstract.
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de Almeida ER, de Oliveira JR Lucena FF Soares RP Couto GB. The action of extract of the dry leaves of Cissus sicyoides L. in pregnant rats. Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense (Argentina) 2006;25:421-424.
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Dhatrak Sarang, Thawani Vijay Gharpure Kunda Apte Indrayani Masand Anil Hingorani Lal and Khiyani Raj. Effect of Herbal Combination in Low Bone Mass Density Patients. International Journal of Drug Discovery and Technology 2011;2(1):9-14.
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Hasani-Ranjbar, S., Nayebi, N., Larijani, B., and Abdollahi, M. A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity. World J Gastroenterol. 7-7-2009;15(25):3073-3085. View abstract.
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Hema R, Kumaravel S Ruffina D. Antimicrobial activity of some Indian herbs against plant pathogens. Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism 2010;22(4):138-139.
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Jain, A., Dixit, J., and Prakash, D. Modulatory effects of Cissus quadrangularis on periodontal regeneration by bovine-derived hydroxyapatite in intrabony defects: exploratory clinical trial. J Int.Acad.Periodontol. 2008;10(2):59-65. View abstract.
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Jainu M, Shyamala Devi CS. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Free-Radical Scavenging Potential of Cissus quadrangularis. Pharmaceutical Biology 2005;43(9):773-779.
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Jainu, M. and Devi, C. S. Effect of Cissus quadrangularis on gastric mucosal defensive factors in experimentally induced gastric ulcer-a comparative study with sucralfate. J Med Food 2004;7(3):372-376. View abstract.
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Jainu, M. and Mohan, K. V. Protective role of ascorbic acid isolated from Cissus quadrangularis on NSAID induced toxicity through immunomodulating response and growth factors expression. Int.Immunopharmacol. 12-20-2008;8(13-14):1721-1727. View abstract.
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Jainu, M. and Shyamala Devi, C. S. Attenuation of neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines by Cissus quadrangularis: a possible prevention against gastric ulcerogenesis. J Herb.Pharmacother. 2005;5(3):33-42. View abstract.
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Jainu, M., Mohan, K. V., and Devi, C. S. Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis on neutrophil mediated tissue injury induced by aspirin in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 4-6-2006;104(3):302-305. View abstract.
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Jainu, M., Vijaimohan, K., and Kannan, K. Cissus quadrangularis L. extract attenuates chronic ulcer by possible involvement of polyamines and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Pharmacogn.Mag. 2010;6(23):225-233. View abstract.
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Kumar, M., Rawat, P., Dixit, P., Mishra, D., Gautam, A. K., Pandey, R., Singh, D., Chattopadhyay, N., and Maurya, R. Anti-osteoporotic constituents from Indian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine 2010;17(13):993-999. View abstract.
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Kumar, R., Sharma, A. K., Saraf, S. A., and Gupta, R. CNS activity of aqueous extract of root of cissus quadrangularis linn. (Vitaceae). J Diet.Suppl 2010;7(1):1-8. View abstract.
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Mehta, M., Kaur, N., and Bhutani, K. K. Determination of marker constituents from Cissus quadrangularis Linn. and their quantitation by HPTLC and HPLC. Phytochem.Anal. 2001;12(2):91-95. View abstract.
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Muthusami, S., Senthilkumar, K., Vignesh, C., Ilangovan, R., Stanley, J., Selvamurugan, N., and Srinivasan, N. Effects of Cissus quadrangularis on the proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization of human osteoblast like SaOS-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2011;112(4):1035-1045. View abstract.
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O'Mathúna DP. Herbal Remedies for Weight Loss. Alternative Medicine Alert 2011;14(4):37.
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Opoku, A. R., Geheeb-Keller, M., Lin, J., Terblanche, S. E., Hutchings, A., Chuturgoon, A., and Pillay, D. Preliminary screening of some traditional Zulu medicinal plants for antineoplastic activities versus the HepG2 cell line. Phytother.Res 2000;14(7):534-537. View abstract.
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Panpimanmas, S., Sithipongsri, S., Sukdanon, C., and Manmee, C. Experimental comparative study of the efficacy and side effects of Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae) to Daflon (Servier) and placebo in the treatment of acute hemorrhoids. J Med Assoc.Thai. 2010;93(12):1360-1367. View abstract.
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Parisuthiman, D., Singhatanadgit, W., Dechatiwongse, T., and Koontongkaew, S. Cissus quadrangularis extract enhances biomineralization through up-regulation of MAPK-dependent alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts. In Vitro Cell Dev.Biol.Anim 2009;45(3-4):194-200. View abstract.
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Potu, B. K., Bhat, K. M., Rao, M. S., Nampurath, G. K., Chamallamudi, M. R., Nayak, S. R., and Muttigi, M. S. Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Linn.) enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and facilitates osteoblastogenesis. Clinics.(Sao Paulo) 2009;64(10):993-998. View abstract.
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Potu, B. K., Nampurath, G. K., Rao, M. S., and Bhat, K. M. Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Linn on the development of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy in rats. Clin Ter. 2011;162(4):307-312. View abstract.
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Potu, B. K., Rao, M. S., Kutty, N. G., Bhat, K. M., Chamallamudi, M. R., and Nayak, S. R. Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (LINN) stimulates the growth of fetal bone during intra uterine developmental period: a morphometric analysis. Clinics.(Sao Paulo) 2008;63(6):815-820. View abstract.
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Potu, B. K., Rao, M. S., Nampurath, G. K., Chamallamudi, M. R., Nayak, S. R., and Thomas, H. Anti-osteoporotic activity of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Chang Gung.Med J 2010;33(3):252-257. View abstract.
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Potu, B. K., Rao, M. S., Nampurath, G. K., Chamallamudi, M. R., Prasad, K., Nayak, S. R., Dharmavarapu, P. K., Kedage, V., and Bhat, K. M. Evidence-based assessment of antiosteoporotic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Ups.J Med Sci 2009;114(3):140-148. View abstract.
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PRASAD, G. C. and UDUPA, K. N. EFFECT OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS ON THE HEALING OF CORTISONE TREATED FRACTURES. Indian J Med Res 1963;51:667-676. View abstract.
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Shah, U. M., Patel, S. M., Patel, P. H., Hingorani, L., and Jadhav, R. B. Development and Validation of a Simple Isocratic HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Phytosterols in Cissus quadrangularis. Indian J Pharm.Sci 2010;72(6):753-758. View abstract.
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Shirwaikar, A., Khan, S., and Malini, S. Antiosteoporotic effect of ethanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on ovariectomized rat. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;89(2-3):245-250. View abstract.
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Singh SP, Misra N Dixit KS et al. An experimental study of analgesic activity of cissus quadrangularis. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 1984;16(3):162-163.
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SINGH, L. M. and UDUPA, K. N. Studies on "Cissus Quadrangularis" in fracture by using phosphorus 32. III. Indian J Med Sci 1962;16:926-931. View abstract.
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Sivaswamy, S. N., Balachandran, B., Balanehru, S., and Sivaramakrishnan, V. M. Mutagenic activity of south Indian food items. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1991;29(8):730-737. View abstract.
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Srisook, K., Palachot, M., Mongkol, N., Srisook, E., and Sarapusit, S. Anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl acetate extract from Cissus quadrangularis Linn may be involved with induction of heme oxygenase-1 and suppression of NF-kappaB activation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2-16-2011;133(3):1008-1014. View abstract.
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Thawani VR, Kimmatkar N Hingorani LL Khiyani RM. Effect of herbal combination containing cissus quadrangularis in fracture healing. The Antiseptic 2002;99(9):345-347.
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UDUPA, K. N. and PRASAD, G. C. FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS IN ACCELERATING FRACTURE HEALING. Indian J Med Res 1964;52:26-35. View abstract.
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UDUPA, K. N., ARNIKAR, H. J., and SINGH, L. M. Experimental studies of the use of 'cissus quadrangularis' in healing of fractures. II. Indian J Med Sci 1961;15:551-557. View abstract.
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Viswanatha Swamy, A. H., Kulkarni, R. V., Thippeswamy, A. H., Koti, B. C., and Gore, A. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against isoniazid-induced liver damage in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 2010;42(6):397-400. View abstract.
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Bah S, Jager AK, Adsersen A, et al. Antiplasmodial and GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor binding activities of five plants used in traditional medicine in Mali, West Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;110:451-7. View abstract.
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Barakat SEM, Adam SEI, Maglad MA, Wasfi IA. Effects of Cissus quadrangularis on goats and sheep in Sudan. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 1985;38:185-94. View abstract.
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Jainu M, Devi CS. Gastroprotective action of Cissus quadrangularis extract against NSAID induced gastric ulcer: role of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage. Chem Biol Interact 2006;161:262-70. View abstract.
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Jainu M, Mohan KV, Devi CSS. Gastroprotective effect of Cissus quadrangularis extract in rats with experimentally induced ulcer. Indian J Med Res 2006;123:799-806. View abstract.
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Oben J, Enyegue DM, Fomekong G, et al. The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress. Lipids Health Dis 2007;6:4. View abstract.
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Hyaluronic Acid
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- ScientificWorldJournal. 2012; 2012: 167928.
Published online 2012 Nov 20. doi: 10.1100/2012/167928
PMCID: PMC3512263
Oral Administration of Polymer Hyaluronic Acid Alleviates Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study over a 12-Month Period
Toshiyuki Tashiro, 1 Satoshi Seino, 2 Toshihide Sato, 2 Ryosuke Matsuoka, 2 ,* Yasunobu Masuda, 2 and Naoshi Fukui 3 - Nagaoka I, Nabeshima K, Murakami S, et al. Evaluation of the effects of a supplementary diet containing chicken comb extract on symptoms and cartilage metabolism in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2010;1(5):817–827. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
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Boswellia Serrata
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- Flavin DF A lipoxygenase inhibitor in breast cancer brain metastases. J Neurooncol. (2007)
